Python > mise à jour d’un module

via apt

Example, you can install requests like this:

sudo apt install python3-requests

Attention, la dernière version ne sera pet-être pas celle de PyPi…

via pip et venv

Exemple avec venv :

sudo apt install python3-venv

Pour créer un environement virtuel dans le dossier du projet:

python3 -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate

This modifies your PATH environment variable to include .venv/bin/.

 

Now you can install PyPI packages using pip into your virtual envirnoment (in this case .venv/), like this:

pip install requests

 

Pour ne pas activer / désactiver venv, you can run pip and python directly from the virtual environment, like this:

.venv/bin/pip install requests
.venv/bin/python
>>> import requests

via pipx

pipx is a great tool for install command-line applications straight from PyPI :

sudo apt install pipx

Make sure ~/.local/bin/ is in your PATH environment variable :

pipx ensurepath

Close your terminal and open it again for the changes to take effect.

Now you can install a command-line application from PyPI. Behind the scenes, pipx will set up a virtual environment for each application, with its dependencies, completely isolated from the rest of the system to prevent problems. It’s brilliant. Here’s an example:

$ pipx install ruff
$ ruff --help

via --break-system-packages

pip install --break-system-packages requests

Never remove or rename /usr/lib/python3.12/EXTERNALLY-MANAGED. It is there to stop you from breaking your system. You may not notice that your system is broken until weeks or months later, and you won’t understand at that point why it broke. If you must ignore these protections, you can do it on a one-off basis using --break-system-packages.

 

The only time I used --break-system-packages option was to install pipenv, which is what I use to create a virtual environment. pipenv from official distribution can be quite old. Once you have a virtual environment, you’re good to install anything else you need without worrying about "externally managed environment".