PHP > les tableaux

CRÉER UN TABLEAU

$tableau = array();

tableau indexé :

$tableau[index]

 

$tableau = array( valeur , valeur , valeur );
$tableau = array( 'un' , 'deux' , 'trois' );

tableau associatif

$tableau['clé']

 

$tableau = array( clé=>valeur   , clé=>valeur       , clé=>valeur         );
$tableau = array( 1=>'un'       , 2=>'deux'         , 3=>'trois'          );
$tableau = array( 'os'=>'linux' , 'version'=>'2.03' , 'system'=>'64 bits' );

 

tableau multidimensionnel

$tableau[x][y]

 

$tableau = array (
   array("un",1,"one"),
   array("deux",2,"two"),
   array("trois",3,"three")
);

 

 

AJOUTER UN ÉLÉMENT

 

 

 

RETIRER UN ÉLÉMENT

 

 

 

MODIFIER UN ÉLÉMENT

 

 

 

FUSIONNER DES TABLEAUX

 

 

 

PARCOURIR UN TABLEAU

tableau indexé :

 

$longueur=count($tableau);

for($x=0;$x<$longueur;$x++){
echo $tableau[$x];
}

 

 

tableau associatif

 

foreach($tableau as $x=>$x_value){
 echo "Key=" . $x . ", Value=" . $x_value;
}

 

CHERCHER UN ÉLÉMENT

 

array_search() - Recherche dans un tableau la clé associée à une valeur

 

isset() - Détermine si une variable est définie et est différente de NULL

 

array_key_exists() - Vérifie si une clé existe dans un tableau

 

in_array()

$tab = array('toto', 'tata', 'foo', 'bar') ;
if ( in_array('toto', $tab) ) {
   echo "toto trouvé" ;
}

 

Chercher un tableau dans un tableau :

 

$a = array( array('p', 'h'), array('p', 'r'), 'o' );
if ( in_array(array('p', 'h'), $a) ){
   echo "ph trouvé";
}
if ( in_array(array('f', 'i'), $a) ){
   echo "fi trouvé";
}
if ( in_array('o', $a) ){
   echo "o trouvé";
}

L’exemple ci-dessus va afficher :

 

ph trouvé
o trouvé

 

 

Pour une recherche sans respect de la casse, on utilise strtolower() : strtolower($chaine)

 

For a case-insensitive in_array(), you can use array_map() to avoid a foreach statement, e.g.:
function casse($aiguille, $motte) {

return in_array( strtolower($aiguille), array_map(‘strtolower’, $motte));
}

 

ATTENTION A CERTAINS RÉSULTATS !!!

 

$array = array(
   'egg' => true,
   'cheese' => false,
   'hair' => 765,
   'goblins' => null,
   'ogres' => 'no ogres allowed in this array'
);

 

in_array(null, $array)→ true
in_array(false, $array)→ true
in_array(765, $array)→ true
in_array(763, $array)→ true !!!
in_array(‘egg‘, $array)→ true
in_array(‘hhh‘, $array)→ true !!!
in_array(array(), $array)→ true

 

// Strict checking

 

in_array(null, $array, true)→ true
in_array(false, $array, true)→ true
in_array(765, $array, true)→ true
in_array(763, $array, true)→ false
in_array(‘egg‘, $array, true)→ false
in_array(‘hhh‘, $array, true)→ false
in_array(array(), $array, true)→ false

 

 

SE DÉPLACER DANS UN TABLEAU

current($tab)→ retourne la valeur de l’élément courant

reset($tab) →  place le pointeur vers le premier élément

end($tab)→ place le pointeur vers le dernier élément

next($tab)→ place le pointeur vers l’élément suivant

prev($tab)→ place le pointeur vers l’élément précédent

each($tab → retourne la clé et la valeur de l’élément courant, et déplace le pointeur en avant

 

$tableau = array(A, B, C, D);

 

current($tableau)→ élément courant → A

next($tableau)→ élément suivant → B

current($tableau) → élément courant → B

prev($tableau) → élément précédent → A

end($tableau) → dernier élément → D

prev($tableau)→ élément précédent → C

current($tableau)→ élément courant → C

reset($tableau)→ premier élément → A

next($tableau)→ élément suivant → B

print_r (each($people)) → élément courant → B, puis déplace le pointeur en avant

 

VÉRIFIER UN ÉLÉMENT

Est-ce le premier élément ?

if ( $elem === reset($tableau) )

 

exemple :

 

foreach ( $tab as $elem ){
   if ( $elem === reset($tab) ) echo 'premier élément';
   if ( ! ( $elem === reset($tab) ) ) echo 'pas le premier élément';
}

 

Est-ce le dernier élément ?

if ( $elem === end($tableau) )

 

exemple :

 

foreach ( $tab as $elem ){
   if ( $elem === end($tab) ) echo 'dernier élément';
   if ( ! ( $elem === end($tab) ) ) echo 'pas le dernier élément';
}

 

isset

isset() - Détermine si une variable est définie et est différente de NULL

 

 

 

 

 

 

—

 

 

 

 

 

array_change_key_case()	Changes all keys in an array to lowercase or uppercase
array_chunk()	Splits an array into chunks of arrays
array_column()	Returns the values from a single column in the input array
array_combine()	Creates an array by using the elements from one "keys" array and one "values" array
array_count_values()	Counts all the values of an array
array_diff()	Compare arrays, and returns the differences (compare values only)
array_diff_assoc()	Compare arrays, and returns the differences (compare keys and values)
array_diff_key()	Compare arrays, and returns the differences (compare keys only)
array_diff_uassoc()	Compare arrays, and returns the differences (compare keys and values, using a user-defined key comparison function)
array_diff_ukey()	Compare arrays, and returns the differences (compare keys only, using a user-defined key comparison function)
array_fill()	Fills an array with values
array_fill_keys()	Fills an array with values, specifying keys
array_filter()	Filters the values of an array using a callback function
array_flip()	Flips/Exchanges all keys with their associated values in an array
array_intersect()	Compare arrays, and returns the matches (compare values only)
array_intersect_assoc()	Compare arrays and returns the matches (compare keys and values)
array_intersect_key()	Compare arrays, and returns the matches (compare keys only)
array_intersect_uassoc()	Compare arrays, and returns the matches (compare keys and values, using a user-defined key comparison function)
array_intersect_ukey()	Compare arrays, and returns the matches (compare keys only, using a user-defined key comparison function)
array_key_exists()	Checks if the specified key exists in the array
array_keys()	Returns all the keys of an array
array_map()	Sends each value of an array to a user-made function, which returns new values
array_merge()	Merges one or more arrays into one array
array_merge_recursive()	Merges one or more arrays into one array recursively
array_multisort()	Sorts multiple or multi-dimensional arrays
array_pad()	Inserts a specified number of items, with a specified value, to an array
array_pop()	Deletes the last element of an array
array_product()	Calculates the product of the values in an array
array_push()	Inserts one or more elements to the end of an array
array_rand()	Returns one or more random keys from an array
array_reduce()	Returns an array as a string, using a user-defined function
array_replace()	Replaces the values of the first array with the values from following arrays
array_replace_recursive()	Replaces the values of the first array with the values from following arrays recursively
array_reverse()	Returns an array in the reverse order
array_search()	Searches an array for a given value and returns the key
array_shift()	Removes the first element from an array, and returns the value of the removed element
array_slice()	Returns selected parts of an array
array_splice()	Removes and replaces specified elements of an array
array_sum()	Returns the sum of the values in an array
array_udiff()	Compare arrays, and returns the differences (compare values only, using a user-defined key comparison function)
array_udiff_assoc()	Compare arrays, and returns the differences (compare keys and values, using a built-in function to compare the keys and a user-defined function to compare the values)
array_udiff_uassoc()	Compare arrays, and returns the differences (compare keys and values, using two user-defined key comparison functions)
array_uintersect()	Compare arrays, and returns the matches (compare values only, using a user-defined key comparison function)
array_uintersect_assoc()	Compare arrays, and returns the matches (compare keys and values, using a built-in function to compare the keys and a user-defined function to compare the values)
array_uintersect_uassoc()	Compare arrays, and returns the matches (compare keys and values, using two user-defined key comparison functions)
array_unique()	Removes duplicate values from an array
array_unshift()	Adds one or more elements to the beginning of an array
array_values()	Returns all the values of an array
array_walk()	Applies a user function to every member of an array
array_walk_recursive()	Applies a user function recursively to every member of an array
arsort()	Sorts an associative array in descending order, according to the value
asort()	Sorts an associative array in ascending order, according to the value
compact()	Create array containing variables and their values
count()	Returns the number of elements in an array
current()	Returns the current element in an array
each()	Returns the current key and value pair from an array
end()	Sets the internal pointer of an array to its last element
extract()	Imports variables into the current symbol table from an array
in_array()	Checks if a specified value exists in an array
key()	Fetches a key from an array
krsort()	Sorts an associative array in descending order, according to the key
ksort()	Sorts an associative array in ascending order, according to the key
list()	Assigns variables as if they were an array
natcasesort()	Sorts an array using a case insensitive "natural order" algorithm
natsort()	Sorts an array using a "natural order" algorithm
next()	Advance the internal array pointer of an array
pos()	Alias of current()
prev()	Rewinds the internal array pointer
range()	Creates an array containing a range of elements
reset()	Sets the internal pointer of an array to its first element
rsort()	Sorts an indexed array in descending order
shuffle()	Shuffles an array
sizeof()	Alias of count()
sort()	Sorts an indexed array in ascending order
uasort()	Sorts an array by values using a user-defined comparison function
uksort()	Sorts an array by keys using a user-defined comparison function
usort()	Sorts an array using a user-defined comparison function